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The Center for Economic and Social Justice (CESJ) is a non-profit, all-volunteer educational and research institution organized under § 501(c)(3) of the United States Internal Revenue Code. The think tank is registered as a non-stock corporation in Washington, DC, and located in Arlington, Virginia, U.S.A. Founded in 1984, CESJ studies, promotes and develops programs embodying a free enterprise approach to global economic justice through expanded capital ownership. CESJ calls its approach “the Just Third Way.” The organization describes itself as politically and religiously pluralistic. ==Mission and Philosophy== CESJ’s stated mission is to “develop and disseminate a strategy and series of approaches by which people can understand and practice the moral values, central principles and logic behind a free enterprise theory of economic and social justice.” Its approach is based on a synthesis of the social doctrine of Pope Pius XI as analyzed by CESJ co-founder the late Reverend William J. Ferree, S.M., Ph.D., detailed in The Act of Social Justice (1943)〔Ferree, Rev. William J., The Act of Social Justice. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 1943.〕 and Introduction to Social Justice (1948),〔Ferree, Rev. William J., Introduction to Social Justice. New York: Paulist Press, 1948.〕 and the economic justice principles developed by lawyer-economist Louis O. Kelso and Aristotelian philosopher Mortimer J. Adler in their two books, ''The Capitalist Manifesto'' (1958)〔Adler, Mortimer J., and Kelso, Louis O., ''The Capitalist Manifesto''. New York: Random House, 1958.〕 and ''The New Capitalists'' (1961).〔Adler, Mortimer J., and Kelso, Louis O., ''The New Capitalists''. New York: Random House, 1961.〕 CESJ considers the subtitle of the latter — “A Proposal to Free Economic Growth from the Slavery of Savings” — to be particularly significant in its challenging of the fundamental assumption of Keynesian economics that the only way to finance new capital is to cut consumption and accumulate money savings.〔John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1936), II.6.ii.〕 Many CESJ members and supporters do not agree that the terms “capitalist” and “capitalism” accurately describe the system Kelso and Adler framed. Karl Marx and the socialists, they claim, invented these terms to condemn what they saw as the inherent greed, exploitation, and injustices inherent in a system where the powers and profits of land and productive assets became concentrated within a tiny elite of private owners. To remedy the abuses of concentrated capital ownership, Marx and Engels in ''The Communist Manifesto'' (1848) declared, “()he theory of the Communists may be summed up in the single sentence: the abolition of private property.”〔Marx, Karl, and Engels, Friedrich, The Communist Manifesto. London: Penguin Books, 1967, 96.〕 In contrast, Kelso turned the socialist’s central assumption around by asserting that private property, far from being the problem, is essential for creating a truly just free market global economy. An economically just economy is one in which every citizen can be a capital owner without taking property away from the currently wealthy (whom the system allowed to monopolize ownership of increasingly productive labor displacing-technologies). CESJ defines “capitalism” as a system in which proprietary rights to profits and control over capital assets is concentrated in a small private elite, and “socialism” as a system in which capital ownership or control is vested in the State. In both systems most people are dependent on wages and welfare for subsistence. CESJ prefers the term “Just Third Way” to describe the Kelsonian alternative. According to CESJ, the Just Third Way is a system based on equality in which capital is broadly owned instead of concentrated, and everyone has equality of opportunity to gain personal income from private property rights both from one’s human (or labor) contributions and one’s non-human (or capital) contributions to the productive process. CESJ bases its policies and programs on respect for human dignity and “sovereignty of the person.”〔CESJ Core Values, http://www.cesj.org/about/corevalues.htm, accessed November 14, 2012.〕 This is realized through empowering every individual economically and politically with non-coercive means to acquire direct ownership of capital. Citing the example of leveraged Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs), CESJ points out how capital can be and has been acquired by new owners through personal access to capital credit designed to be repayable with the future earnings of the capital itself. Access to such credit and other non-redistributive social means can be universalized by reforming specific institutions of society (see the section below under “Capital Homesteading”). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Center for Economic and Social Justice (CESJ)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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